国内: 国内
分野: エネルギー
製品: Gurobi Optimizer
システム研究グループでは、温暖化に対するシナリオ・政策の分析評価を行っています。温暖化の要因には様々なものがありますが、主たるものの一つとして地球上の化石エネルギー(石炭、石油、天然ガス)の利用に伴うCO2の排出が挙げられ、その削減が温暖化対策として重要になります。そこで、エネルギー生産から消費に至るプロセスにおいて関連する様々な技術を考慮し、どのような技術がどのように温暖化対策に寄与するかなどの分析を行っています。例えば、図1のように、10年後、 20年後における削減目標を定めた際に、これを最も安い費用で達成するためには、現在利用可能、もしくは将来実用化が期待される様々な技術をどのように組み合わせたら良いか等を検討しています。
図2は、エネルギー生産(化石エネルギー、再生可能エネルギー(風力、水力等)、原子力エネルギー)、エネルギー変換、エネルギー消費、CO2回収貯留の相関関係を示しています。システム研究グループでは、この相関関係を数理計画問題としてモデル化し、様々な分析を行っています。こうした問題を数理計画モデルとして表現する場合、例えば石炭、石油の埋蔵量、様々な発電効率・建設費用を持つ発電設備の導入量、エネルギー消費部門では、燃費・車両費用別の自動車の普及台数などを変数としたモデル化を行います。システム研究グループのモデルは、世界の様々な国を、将来の複数の時点で個別に評価できるようにしているため、変数の数は膨大になり、400万個以上になります。こうした膨大な数の変数を含むモデルから、CO2排出削減等の制約の下で最も安い費用となる技術の組み合わせを最適化技術によって求めます。この分析にあたり、システム研究グループでは、最適化エンジンであるGurobi Optimizerを活用しています。
温暖化に対するシナリオ・政策の分析評価では、その最適値を求めるにあたり、極めて大規模な数理計画モデルを正確かつ高速に解く必要があります。Gurobi Optimizerは、システム研究グループが要望するこれらの要件を満たしていました。Gurobi Optimizerを採用後、システム研究グループでは、このような大規模問題を30分前後で解く事が可能になり、研究の効率性が更に改善されました。
システム研究グループでは、先に述べたエネルギーシステムの数理計画モデルに関して、今後も更なる拡充を続ける予定です。このため、最適化エンジンの性能は、研究を効率的に進めるために、今後も非常に重要と言えます。また、温暖化対策に関する他の研究分野についても、エネルギーシステムの数理計画モデルのように最適化型のモデルを用いた分析が重要なものに関しては、適切なモデル化を行い、高性能な最適化エンジンを活用していく予定です。
なお、最適化技術全般に関しては、最適化技術の理論的背景の発展は勿論ですが、実用に耐えうる更なる応用性の発展に期待をしています。
(財)地球環境産業技術研究機構のWebサイト:http://www.rite.or.jp
財団法人 地球環境産業技術研究機構は、1990年7月に通商産業省(現在の経済産業省)、地方公共団体、学術団体及び民間企業各社の共同出捐により、京都府の関西文化学術研究都市に設立されました。その主たるミッションは、地球環境、特に気候変動問題に対する対策技術の基礎的研究になります。本研究機構の研究グループは、システム研究グループ、化学研究グループ、CO2貯留研究グループ、そしてバイオ研究グループの4つに分れていて、各グループが温暖化対策問題に関する研究開発に日夜取り組んでいます。本研究機構による今後の地球規模の温暖化対策問題解決に、大きな期待が寄せられています。
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